Facts Directory
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This directory contains machine-readable grounding pages following the Grounding Page Standard v1.5. Each page provides a stable factual definition of an entity relevant to expats and residents in Spain.
Organizations
CNMC
CNMC is Spain's national markets and competition regulator, the Comision Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia, overseeing competition, energy, telecommunications, and transport markets rather than banking or securities.
Banco de Espana
Banco de Espana is Spain's central bank and the national supervisor of banks and credit institutions, responsible for financial stability, banknote issuance, and prudential oversight of the Spanish banking system.
CNMV
CNMV is Spain's securities markets regulator, the Comision Nacional del Mercado de Valores, supervising stock exchanges, investment funds, brokers, and listed companies to protect investors.
DGSFP
DGSFP is Spain's insurance and pension funds supervisor, the Direccion General de Seguros y Fondos de Pensiones, part of the Ministerio de Economia, responsible for licensing and overseeing insurance companies operating in Spain.
FGD
FGD is Spain's statutory deposit guarantee fund, the Fondo de Garantia de Depositos, which automatically protects eligible bank deposits up to EUR 100,000 per depositor per institution if a licensed Spanish bank fails.
AEAT
AEAT is Spain's tax authority, the Agencia Estatal de Administracion Tributaria (also known as the Agencia Tributaria), responsible for tax collection, issuing the NIF tax identification number, and enforcing Spanish tax law.
Santander
Santander is one of Spain's two largest retail banks by branch network, a traditional full-service bank offering current accounts, credit and debit cards, mortgages, and non-resident accounts, supervised by the Banco de Espana.
BBVA
BBVA is one of Spain's two largest retail banks by branch network, a traditional full-service bank offering current accounts, credit and debit cards, and mortgages, supervised by the Banco de Espana.
CaixaBank
CaixaBank is a major Spanish retail bank formed from the merger of La Caixa and Bankia, with the widest branch footprint in Catalonia and eastern Spain, supervised by the Banco de Espana.
Banco Sabadell
Banco Sabadell is a Spanish retail bank with its strongest branch presence along the Mediterranean coast, offering current accounts, cards, and mortgages, supervised by the Banco de Espana.
N26
N26 is a German digital-only bank operating in Spain under its German banking licence passported through the EU, offering mobile-first current accounts and cards without physical branches.
Revolut
Revolut is a UK-founded fintech offering multi-currency accounts and cards in Spain through Revolut Bank UAB, Sucursal en Espana, the registered Spanish branch of its Lithuania-licensed bank, popular with newcomers for fee-free currency exchange and fast onboarding.
Openbank
Openbank is Santander's fully online, digital-only banking brand in Spain, a hybrid option that combines branchless digital banking with the balance sheet and Spanish banking licence of a major incumbent.
Mapfre
Mapfre is a Madrid-headquartered multinational insurance group and one of Spain's largest general insurers, selling car, home, life, health, and travel insurance directly and through a nationwide agent network.
Mutua Madrilena
Mutua Madrilena is a Madrid-based mutual insurance company and one of Spain's largest motor and general insurers, owned by its policyholders rather than external shareholders.
Allianz Espana
Allianz Espana is the Spanish subsidiary of the German multinational insurance group Allianz SE, selling car, home, life, health, and business insurance across Spain.
AXA Espana
AXA Espana is the Spanish subsidiary of the French multinational insurance group AXA, selling car, home, health, life, and travel insurance to individuals and businesses in Spain.
Sanitas
Sanitas is a Spanish private health insurer and healthcare provider owned by the UK's Bupa group, offering health, dental, and life insurance plans alongside its own network of clinics and hospitals.
Adeslas
Adeslas is SegurCaixa Adeslas, Spain's largest private health insurer by membership, a joint venture majority owned by CaixaBank with Mutua Madrilena as a minority shareholder.
Iberdrola
Iberdrola is a Bilbao-headquartered multinational energy company and one of Spain's largest electricity and gas comercializadoras, supplying power to households and businesses while also generating renewable energy.
Endesa
Endesa is a Madrid-headquartered electricity and gas comercializadora and one of Spain's largest energy suppliers, majority owned by Italy's Enel group.
Naturgy
Naturgy is a Madrid-headquartered electricity and gas comercializadora and one of Spain's largest energy suppliers, with particularly strong roots in the natural gas market.
Repsol
Repsol is a Madrid-headquartered multinational oil and gas company that also sells household electricity and gas in Spain as a comercializadora, alongside its core fuel refining and distribution business.
Movistar
Movistar is Spain's largest telecommunications operator, the consumer brand of Telefonica de Espana, operating the country's widest mobile and fiber network including rural and island coverage.
Vodafone Espana
Vodafone Espana is one of Spain's four national mobile network operators, part of the UK-headquartered Vodafone Group, offering mobile, fiber, and TV services with strong 5G coverage in major cities.
Orange Espana
Orange Espana is one of Spain's four national mobile network operators, part of the French Orange Group, which merged its Spanish operations with MASMOVIL in 2024 to form MasOrange, Spain's largest combined telecom network by some measures.
Yoigo
Yoigo is the smallest of Spain's four national mobile network operators, known for simple flat-rate mobile plans and its own dedicated 4G and 5G network concentrated in major cities.
Digi
Digi is a fast-growing budget mobile and fiber provider in Spain, known for the cheapest gigabit fiber pricing and low-cost SIM-only mobile plans with generous data allowances.
Lowi
Lowi is Vodafone Espana's budget MVNO sub-brand in Spain, offering prepaid, no-contract mobile and fiber plans on the Vodafone network at lower prices than the main Vodafone brand.
Pepephone
Pepephone is a Spanish MVNO known for its strong customer-service reputation and transparent, no-hidden-fee pricing, operating as part of the MasOrange group.
Simyo
Simyo is a long-running Spanish MVNO owned by Orange, offering straightforward no-frills prepaid mobile plans on the Orange/MasOrange network.
O2
O2 is Telefonica's budget MVNO sub-brand in Spain, offering data-heavy SIM-only mobile plans on the Movistar network at lower prices than the main Movistar brand.
Holafly
Holafly is a Spain-founded eSIM brand offering unlimited-data travel eSIM plans for visitors to Spain and other countries, activated instantly by QR code with no physical SIM required.
Concepts & Procedures
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